Original Article

The Journal of Korean Medicine 2018; 39(2): 56-63.

Published online: June 30, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.18015

A Pilot Study on the Association between Iris parameters and 8 Constitutional Medicine: Retrospective Chart Review

Ka-Hye Choi1, Young-Bae Park1, 3, Min-Yong Kim1, 2, Young-Jae Park1, 3 1Department of Human Informatics of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung-Hee University

2School of Management, Kyung-Hee University

3Department of Biofunctional Medicine and Diagnostics, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee University

Correspondence to: 박영재(Young-Jae Park), Department of Human Informatics of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung-Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea, Tel: +82-2-440-7229, Fax: +82-2-440-7242, E-mail: omdyj@hanmail.net

Received May 14, 2018       Revised May 31, 2018       Accepted June 14, 2018

Copyright © 2018 The Society of Korean Medicine all rights reserved

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of some iris parameters in predicting the 8 constitution

Methods

From November 2012 to February 2018, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 171 patients who were visited to the Korean Oriental Clinic. We conducted a stepwise binary logistic regression analysis to find the association between Iris parameters and 8 constitutional Medicine.

Results

Automic Nerve Wreath Ration (ANWR) was larger and toxic radii was longer in Earth and Wood constitutions than Metal and water constitution. ANWR was larger and pupil are ratio(PAR) was smaller in Wood constitutions than Earth constitutions. And others did not show significant results.

Conclusions

This study suggests that the relationship between some of the iris parameters and 8 constitution was significant, but more accurate follow-up study is needed.

Keywords: 8 Constitutional Medicine, 8 constitution, Iris, Iris parameter

Fig. 1
Flow chart of retrospective chart review for the iris parameters and the relationships between iris parameters and Eight Constitution Medicine Type. ANWAR: autonomic nerve wreath area ratio, PAR: pupil area ratio.

jkm-39-2-56f1.gif

Fig. 2
Video iriscope

jkm-39-2-56f2.gif

Fig. 3
Definitions of ANWAR and PAR. ANWAR: autonomic nerve wreath area ratio, PAR: pupil area ratio. “A” indicates the length of the Autonomic Nerve Wreath(ANW). “B” indicates the length of the iris, including the ANW. “C” indicates the total length of the eye, consisting of the iris and pupil. “D” indicates the length of the pupil. In this study, ANWAR was defined as π/π, and PAR was defined as π/π,

jkm-39-2-56f3.gif

Fig. 4
Five iridological markers used in grading or calculating the six iris parameters. A: lacunae, B: pigment dot, C: nerve rings, D: Autonomic Nerve Wreath(ANW), E: toxic radii.

jkm-39-2-56f4.gif

Fig. 5
The blood vessels of the iris

jkm-39-2-56f5.gif

Table 1
Comparison of Demographic Characteristics According to CS and HS

 

scale Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4
Iris Density Absence of lacuna 1–3 lacunas 4–6 lacunas More than seven lacunas
Pigment Absence of pigment One pigment More than two pigments
Nerve Ring Circular arc of the nerve ring less than one-fourth the circular arc of the outer iris circumference Circular arc of the nerve ring ranging from one-fourth to four-fifths the circular arc of the outer iris circumference Length of the Circular arc of the nerve ring more than four-fifths the circular arc of the outer iris circumference
Toxic Radii Length of the toxic radii less than one-fifth the of the total radius of the eye Length of the toxic radii ranging from one-fifth to one-third the length of the total radius of the eye Length of the toxic radii ranging more than one-third the length of the total radius of the eye

 

Among the four iris parameters, pigment, nerve ring, and toxic radii were graded on a three-point scale, and iris density was graded on a four-point scale

Table 2
Binary Logistic Regression of Iris and 8 constitution
step B S.E, Wals Sig. Exp(B) 95% C.I. for EXP(B)
 
Lower Upper
1st analysis ANWR(ratio) 6.944 2.163 10.310 .001 1036.767 14.958 71861.469
Toxic radii(grade) .607 .228 7.101 .008 1.835 1.174 2.869
Constant −2.170 .591 13.466 .000 .114
 
2nd analysis Lacunae(grade) −.370 .205 3.272 .070 .690 .462 1.031
Toxic radii(grade) .820 .459 3.189 .074 2.270 .923 5.584
Constant −.001 .790 .000 .999 .999
 
3rd analysis ANWR(ratio) 13.528 4.141 10.674 .001 750503.544 224.259 2.512E9
PAR(ratio) −17.961 9.957 3.254 .071 .000 .000 4.730
Constant −1.035 1.188 .759 .384 .355

 

SE:standard error, ANWR:autonomic nerve wreath ratio, PAR:pupil area ratio

*** p<0.001,

** p<0.01

Table 3
Model summary. R square.

 

step −2 Log likelihood Cox & Snell R square Nagelkerke R square
1 217.289a .102 .136
2 108.966a .085 .114
3 95.926a .217 .292
Table 4
Hosmer and Lemeshow Test

 

step Chi-square df Sig.
1 7.440 8 .490
2 7.052 4 .133
3 12.138 8 .145

참고문헌

1 Baek IS. Iridology by photograph. Seoul: Seowondang;1998. p. 8–9.

2 Lee JM. Dongeuisoosebowon. Seoul: Daeseongmunhwasa;1998. p. 5–59.

3 Kuon DW. A study of constitution-Acupuncture. Journal of the International Congress of Acupuncture & Moxibuston. Tokyo: Japan Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society;1965. 10:p. 149–167.

4 Kuon DW. A study of constitution-Acupuncture. The Society of Korean Medicine. 1965; 16:25–28.

5 Kuon DW. A study of constitution-Acupuncture. Journal of Myongji Univ. 1974; 7:607–625.

6 Kuon DW. Know your 8 constitution. Bitgwasogeum. Seoul: Duranno;194:8. p. 116–118.

7 Ernst E. Iridology: A Systematic Review. dissertation. UK: University of Exeter;1999.

8 Lim YW, Park SI, Park YJ, Park YB. A Review of Iridology. The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics. 2013; 17:1. 1–16.

9 Lim YW, Park YJ, Park YB. A longitudinal study of iris parameters and their relationships with temperament characteristics. European Journal of Intergrative Medicine. 2016; 8:6. 991–1000.

10 Hwang WJ. A Comparative Study of Sasang Constitution and Iris Constitutional Diagnosis. The Journal of traditional Korean medicin. 2000; 10:221–229.

11 Lim YW, Park YJ, Park YB. Experimental study of reliable iris parameters and their relationships with temperament, character, and heart rate variability. Europian Journal of Intergrative Medicine. 2014; 6:5. 516–23.

12 Lee JH, Kim MY, Kim HJ, Shin YS, Oh HS, Park YB, et al. A Study on Stage Classification of Eight Constitution Questionnaire. The journal of the Korea institute of oriental medical diagnostics. 2012; 16:2. 59–70.

13 Lee HS, Lee YB, Shin YS, Kim HJ, Seo JC, Lee JM, et al. A Pilot Study on Reliability of Pulse Diagnosis in Eight-Constitution Medicine. The Korean Journal of Meridian & Acupoint. 2005; 22:1–8.

14 Shin YS, Park Yst Park YJ, Kim MY, Lee SC, Oh HS. A study for 8 Constitution Medicine Diagnosis Expert System Development. The Journal Of The Korea Institute Of Oriental Medical Diagnostics. 2008; 12:1. 93–154.

15 Jang BR. Neuro-ophthalmology. 2nd edition. Seoul: Iljogak;2011. p. 167–170.

16 Lee Jh, Lee HB, Heo W, Hong YJ. Ophthalology. 9th edition. Seoul: Iljogak;2013. p. 26–27.

17 Donald Dr, Bamer R. Practical iridology and sclerology. 1996; 83

18 Park SI. Iris Image Analysis Method for Classifying an Iris Image Into Four Types. Korean Intellectual Property Office. 2009; June. 5.

19 O’Brian BS. Iridology Textbook. 1st. USA: Createspace Independent Pub;2015. p. 29–35.

20 Jang ES, Kim HS, Jung JW, Yoo JH, Lim JG, Lee SW. The Pilot Study on the Association of Diagnosis Resultsbetween Sasang Constitutional Medicine and Eight Constitutional Medicine. Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine. 2008; 14:2. 97–98.

21 Jo BK, Bae JI, Masao ST. Experimental Study of Acid-Base Balance and Variations of Heart Rate, Fluid and Electrolyte by Electrical Stimulation according to the Physical Constitution. Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine. 1993; 14:2. 349–354.

22 Kwak CK, Sohn EH, Lee EJ, Koh BH, Song IB, Hwang W. A Study about Sasang Constitutional difference on Autonomous Function after Acupuncture stimulation. Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. 2004; 16:3. 76–84.

23 Park SI. Principles of iris medicine and basics of iris diagnosis. 1st. Daejon: The Korean Iridology and Medical Association;2012. p. 29–31.